The Utilization Of Corporal Punishment Essay - 1997 Words

Article 1 Background This article first describes how the utilization of corporal punishment by parents to children has been a point of controversy for centuries. In the study of Larzelere et Al. 1998; McLloyd and Smith 2002; Straus 2001; Turner and Muller 2004 (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012), it was found that strict, physical discipline leads to bad results for children such as low views of themselves, problems communicating with others, and worrying tendencies across ages. The findings of Larzelere and Kuhn 2005; Schenk 2000; Straus 2001 (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012) reveal that this form of punishment is actually successful because it shows children how to follow the words of their parents. An important feature this article mentions is how aspects of this sort of discipline differ based off of a culture parents are in. For instance, depending on their culture, parents may not use spanking or other corporal punishment on their child(ren). This also means that since corporal punishment may be more prevalent among certain groups more so than others, the results of effectiveness will fluctuate. According to the study of Bartkowski and Ellison 1995; Ellison et al. 1996; Ellison and Sherkat 1993a (as cited in Petts Kysar-Moon, 2012), a plethora of findings exists that have discovered that, in particular, conservative Protestants tend to back and also incorporate spanking, beating, etc. when it comes to parenting children. Ellison et Al. 2011Show MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MoreFactors That Influence Middle School Parent s Decision1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthis century a global tendency to abolish corporal punishment have been introduced to challenge old dependence on corporal punishment as a tool for reforming children’s misbehavior, according to Global Report (2008). According to Straus (2001) Corporal punishment is defined as â€Å"the use of physical force with the intentions of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of this control of the child’s behavior†, corporal punishment was almost universally approved of and usedRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvantages of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreLegal And Social Acknowledgement Of Corporal Punishment926 Words   |  4 PagesThere are numerous contributory factors to child physical abuse, one of which is a legal and social acknowledgement of corporal punishment supported by cultural norms in several countries. In the name of discipline maintenance, spanking, hitting or beating, as common forms of physical punishment, are generally believed to be effective in behaviour and action management. In the U.S, it is considered acceptable and legitimate to spank or slap a child at the age of 12 (Straus et al., 1980; cited inRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools1531 Words   |  7 PagesCorporal punishment in schools Advocates of school corporal punishment argue that it provides an immediate response to indiscipline and that the student is quickly back in the classroom learning, rather than being suspended from school. Opponents believe that other disciplinary methods are equally or more effective. Some regard it as tantamount to violence or abuse. In the United States and the United Kingdom, and generally in the English-speaking world, the use by schools of corporal punishmentRead MoreBlack Men in the Prison System Essays1839 Words   |  8 Pagesor negative, even the simplest task is meaningless. Psychology teaches that there are four methods to either learning, or to morph an expected conduct into a routine way of acting; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Positive reinforcement is adding something to a situation in order to create an increased response. (CITATION) â€Å"The most common types of positive reinforcement are praise and rewards...† (CITATION) â€Å"Negative reinforcement is taking something negativeRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Of Children1291 Words   |  6 PagesDeliberately causing a physical significant harm. This may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, punching, slapping or kicking. Sometimes it is argued that corporal punishment could be a justifiable means of discipline that helps in controlling a child, but serious bodily harm cannot be justified on the grounds that it constitutes reasonable punishment (Corby, 2006: 89). Emotional abuse: The persistent emotional ill-treatment of a child such as to cause severe and persistent adverse effects on the childRead MoreBlack Men In The Prison System Essay1792 Words   |  8 Pagesor negative, even the simplest task is meaningless. Psychology teaches that there are four methods to either learning, or to morph an expected conduct into a routine way of acting; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment. Positive reinforcement is adding something to a situation in order to create an increased response. (CITATION) â€Å"The most common types of positive reinforcement are praise and rewards...† (CITATION) â€Å"Negative reinforcement is taking something negativeRead MoreBruno Bettelheim s `` Punishment Versus Discipline ``1910 Words   |  8 Pageshow his ideas help schools to deal with the problem of bullying. Bettelheim’s article â€Å"Punishment Versus Discipline† analyzes the toll that punishment has on children. Bettelheim explains to the parents that through violence they inspire their children to use their power to intimidate others by imitating the behaviors that were inflicted on them previously. He also tells the parents that using physical punishment does not deter their children from committing the action and that it can encourage themRead MoreQuentin Tarantino s Django Unchained 1884 Words   |  8 PagesForcing a person to complete some undesirable task under the threat of punishment tends to yield poor results. A mother threatening to snip her children’s allowance, for instance, can convince her offspring to clean their rooms, but at the cost of dirty socks shoved under the bed. Similarly, conventional wisdom suggests that slaves, resentful of their proverbial (and oftentimes physical) shackles, deliberately worked at a slow pace, sometimes sabotaging their masters’ equipment. History textbooks

Drug And Alcohol Abuse Has Been Rife - 1400 Words

For decades, drug and alcohol abuse has been rife. They are a huge problem in our society. Not only has the drug problem increased, but many drug related problems are rising as well. Men, women, and children are becoming addicted to illicit substances because they are too available to them. Billions of dollars are spent to aid the prevention of drug abuse, to treat addicts, and to fight the war on drugs. This is a very combative problem, the more it’s fought, the more it fights back. Drugs and alcohol not only affect a person physically, but also psychologically and economically. In addition to breaking the law, these people put themselves into vulnerable situations, that can change their lives forever. Drugs produce unpredictable,†¦show more content†¦The most commonly used stimulant is cocaine. Stimulants are extremely addictive. These addictions are known to erode mental and physical health; they become so strong that the drugs begin to dominate over all aspects of the user’s life. Physical risks for using a stimulant include but are not limited to: high blood pressure, increased heart rate, hyperventilation, and a rise in body temperature. More severe risks include heart attacks, strokes, brain seizures, and loss of immune system function. Psychological factors are similar to those of depressants, but they tend to be more violent: paranoid and erratic behavior, hallucinations, and sometimes â€Å"bugs† will crawl all over them. Stimulants can also lead to confusion, anxiety, depression, and loss of interest (Parrott). Drugs and Alcohol have many effects on a person’s mind and body. If prolonged use of these substances continues, the effects can be serious or even life threatening. Parents, teachers, the media, and friends all have a large impact on how others see the world. Teachers and parents must take the time and responsibility to teach and inform the next generation about drugs and alcohol. If a child has the proper awareness and guidance, he will be less likely to use them in his adolescence and adulthood. Parents and teenagers may be overwhelmed by the fear of drug and alcohol abuse. Parents cannot control all of the things their children do. Though they can set an example and provideShow MoreRelatedThe Sins Of Abuse By Monk Evagrius Ponticus1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sins of Abuse The seven deadly sins have banded together and have been waging war on families in the guise of alcohol and drug addiction. Whether it be from literature or Hollywood, you have probably heard of the sins at one time or another: gluttony, greed, envy, sloth, lust, envy, wrath, and pride. The list of the sins, as we know them, is attributed to Pope Gregory I in 590 A.D. after he revised (Ware 63) a list made by monk Evagrius Ponticus. 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Although, when speaking of confining and isolating individuals, the realization of this luxury of freedom is not granted to everyone. These few words pierce into the heart of life as a inmate. Nevertheless, the suffering of one is felt by more and more individuals on a daily basis. Yet, those living free on the outside do not see a problemRead MoreSteroids Are Legal For Sell1058 Words   |  5 Pagesare barren of anyone dying from steroids. No teens are committing suicide. Sports are not rife with cheaters and allegations of malfeasance. Parent groups aren t up in arms demanding legislation. There s nobody testifying in front o f congress blaming juiced professional athletes for their son s alleged steroid-induced suicide (more on that character in a minute). And, apart from the ravages of alcohol abuse, livers and kidneys are intact and functioning. Murders are not being pinned on juice. TheRead MoreThe Effects Of Homelessness On The United States Political Economy Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesDefining homelessness has been controversial, but most researchers collectively accept that it is a situation in which an individual lacks a permanent place of residence. According to First, Rife, and Toomey (1994), if a person lacks shelter, even on a temporary basis, such an individual becomes homeless. Therefore, most homeless people live on the streets or find temporary accommodation in managed public and private shelters. Most researchers state that a close analysis of the issue of homelessnessRead MoreSexual Violence Directed At Young Women Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment resources directed towards the criminal court process. In reality, the majority of sexual assault cases are simply not reported at all and only a small minorit y of those initially charged with sexual assault. 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In reality, the majority of sexual assault cases are simply not reported at all and only a small minority of those initially charged with sexual assault. (1) According to the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, every two minutes, there is another victim of sexual assault in the United States. Forty-four percent of those victims will be under the age of 18 and approximately 80 percent of those same victims will be under 30 yearsRead MoreChild : Child Development And Crime2388 Words   |  10 Pageslittle boy sitting alone, far from the other children. He has bruises on his face and worn out clothing, just like every other day. His expression, always devoid of joy, is filled with fear and tears. And then you realize why- he is being abused. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, approximately 5 children die each day from child abuse (Child Maltreatment 2012). Those who survive till adulthood have been severely impacted both emotionally and psychologically. ItRead MoreThe Treatment Of Medical Care1885 Words   |  8 Pagesincarcerated may have that ignored or taken away from them. International law provides the rights of everyone, including people who may have gotten their freedom take away. The United States of America has the world’s highest incarceration rate. Americans prison population has been growing since the war on drugs led to tough-on-crime laws being implemented in the 1980s and 1990s. (Engel, 2014) Many people enter prison knowing they will be out in a few short months, and others for life. It doesn’t seem the

My dear friend Free Essays

string(40) " the Basic Law of Government by decree\." I hope you are enjoying your stay in the United States and that you are receiving a good education.   I have been giving a lot of thought recently to the problems of our kingdom and the possible alternatives to the rule of the House of Saud.   I have so few opportunities and liberties here that I feel that moderate Islamists may do a better job of governing our country than the princes. We will write a custom essay sample on My dear friend or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Let me try to explain how I feel. Like many of our generation, I have had trouble finding work.   During the oil boom of the 1970’s, employment was more secure and the government was able to grant extensive welfare benefits to citizens of the kingdom.   More recently, however, the economy has stagnated.   In 1998, for example, we had 27% unemployment! I feel that the economy is suffering due to our reliance on oil.   Despite the fabulous wealth it brings to the country, the oil industry can only employ a certain number of people.   Since oil is essentially the only thing that our country produces, it is the only sector that provides large-scale employment other than the government itself, which is dominated by the royal family and its network of friends and cronies. Despite all the wealth gained from oil, the royal family Has not invested the wealth into other sectors of society; instead, it has used the oil wealth to enrich itself, purchase vast quantities of weapons from the Americans, and buy loyalty from the population by providing free social services.   Despite all this wealth, however, our country has not given greater freedoms to its citizens. Our kingdom has always relied on an alliance between the al-Saud family and the radical Wahabi clerics.   One of the king’s central roles is the custodian of the two holy places (Mecca and Medina).   The clerics give the king legitimacy, and in return the kings lavishly fund the clerics’ mosques, schools, and charity organizations. I feel that this alliance is bad for our country.   Our country needs to be freer.   Both the royal family and the Wahabi clerics are opposed to greater freedoms for us, the average citizens.   Both groups benefit by denying power to other people.   I have come to feel that the Saudi-Wahabi alliance is bad for us as Saudi citizens, because it denies us basic freedoms.   It is also bad for the world as a whole, because it leads to terrorism. Many Wahabis have turned against the Saudi royal family, declaring that it is not sufficiently Islamic.   They feel that the government is too corrupt, too decadent, and too friendly with America.   Osama bin Laden is the most infamous Saudi who has taken this position.   Even though he attacked America, bin Laden’s primary enemy has always been the Saudi royal family, who he feels are bad Muslims who do not deserve to be the custodians of Mecca and Medina. The threat to the Saudis from its radical citizens became clear shortly after I was born.   This was a major turning point in the history of our country.   When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in August of 1990, many feared that he would turn on Saudi Arabia next.   Osama bin Laden told King Fahd that he would battle Saddam Hussein’s forces with the fighters he had trained and fought with in Afghanistan during the 1980’s during the war with the Soviet Union. King Fahd rejected bin Laden’s offer, which probably wasn’t very realistic any way.   Instead, the king turned to the Americans for protection.   Huge American armies came to Saudi Arabia and used our country as a base from which to attack Iraq and liberate Kuwait.   Even though Saddam Hussein could no longer threaten Saudi Arabia, the decision to allow the American military into the kingdom infuriated many radical Islamists. I must say that, as a proud and independent man, I would like to defend my own country rather than have the Americans do it.   I don’t wish the Americans any harm, it’s just that I don’t want to rely on them and ideally I would like their military to leave our land.   Many people, however, feel much more strongly about this than I do, and they began attack the house of Saud for allowing Americans into Arabia. As my generation grew, we saw the government come under attack from radicals who wished to overthrow the regime.   Throughout the 1990’s these radicals, including al-Qaeda, attacked sights in Saudi Arabia that were associated with the government or the American military.   We now have a confrontation between the House of Saud and the radical Islamists, but I don’t feel that either group is able to govern our country effectively. Although I disapprove of the Saudi royal family, just as Osama bin Laden does, I also totally disapprove of bin Laden’s goals and tactics.   Basically I feel that the Saudis are far too conservative.   Bin Laden feels that they are not conservative enough!   The most amazing thing about the Saudis is that their allies, the Wahabis, are the people they have to fear most. For years, the royal princes funded Wahabi mosques and schools and charities around the world.   They knew that some of these groups used the money for terrorist activities, but there was a sort of unspoken agreement that the Islamist terrorists would not target Saudi Arabia itself.   I don’t know why our government ever trusted these people, but the terrorists broke the agreement and began to attack the royal family. So, my friend, our government has failed to diversify the economy beyond oil, it has failed to give more rights and liberties to its citizens, and it has used oil wealth to try to buy off radical groups, but this strategy has predictably backfired.   These are very serious grievances to have, wouldn’t you say? Perhaps an example of the royal family’s idea of â€Å"reform† will illustrate my grievances.   In 1992, King Fahd enacted the Basic Law of Government by decree. You read "My dear friend" in category "Essay examples"   The law spelled out the nature of the government.   The government was a hereditary monarchy, a model that was popular centuries ago in Europe.   The king would serve as head of state, head of the council of ministers, and commander in chief of the armed forces.   In addition, the king appoints all ministers as well as all members of a new body, the consultative council. Here are my problems with this attempt at reform.   Firstly, the Basic Law was enacted by decree of the king; the Saudi people had absolutely no role in devising this law.   Secondly, the law simply spelled out what was already known; the Saudi family, especially the king, has all the power in Saudi Arabia. The consultative council was supposed to represent a move towards greater representation, but I feel that it only illustrated the king’s arrogance.   Firstly, the council is appointed by the king, so we can assume it is made of up people who he knows will agree with him.   Secondly, the council â€Å"consults†; the king is in no way bound to follow its advice.   So not only is this council not representative of the Saudi people, it doesn’t even have any authority!   This is not the kind of reform we need; this is not reform at all. My friend, our country has no constitution, no bill of rights, no independent courts or media, and no direct representation for its citizens in government.   This is not the type of country I wish to live in.   Here is what I feel must be done. I do not have any illusions about how long and hard the transition to democracy can prove to be.   We have seen our neighbor, Iraq, torn apart by civil war and anarchy after its repressive government was thrown from power.   If the Saudi government disappeared overnight, I fear that our country could very well suffer from these same curses.   For this reason, a violent overthrow of the government would not be a good idea.   Iraq has shown us that dictatorship is preferable to anarchy, because at least dictators can prevent massive terrorist attacks. The answer does not lie in violent overthrow of the Saudis, and it also does not lie in radical Islamists.   We are all Muslims here, it is true.   Islam was born in Arabia.   The prophet lived and died here.   Mecca and Medina are here.   We are the very cradle of Islam.   However, we cannot allow radical Muslims to take power from the Saudis. I have simple desires, my friend.   Like most people on earth of every race and religion, I want simply to live my life in freedom and dignity and be able to provide for my loved ones.   We have seen that radical Islamists, even though they claim to share our religion, are merchants of death only; from everything I have seen, it seems clear that they are more interested in killing people, mostly fellow Muslims, than they are in governing. As much as I dislike the Saudis, I know deep down that radical Islamists would be worse.   They would likely be even more violent and repressive towards the people than the Saudis are.   The most radical Islamists wish to return Arabia to a 7th century state of â€Å"purity†.   They feel that this is the ideal environment for Muslims.   They wish to recreate a world before oil, a world before mass communication and entertainment, a world before America.   This is a very dark wish.   We should not be naà ¯ve about what radical Islamists would do to our country should they ever gain power. The solution, I feel, lies with moderate Islamists.   Islam must be the focus of any reform, because the mosque is the only power center of any substance other than the Saud family.   There is no independent civil society here because of all the restrictions on speech and political participation.   The mosque is the only place that people can freely gather and organize. As I said above, friend, we are Muslims, and any reform in our land must be Islamist to some degree; it is inevitable.   The important aspect then is to ensure that reform is directed through moderate clerics rather radical Islamists.   We need Muslim leaders to direct the push for reform, but not the Muslims who wish to turn back the clock by 13 centuries! My vision of a government of moderate Islamist clerics and scholars has many components.   Firstly, they would stop trying to buy off radical groups and start adopting a more moderate interpretation of Islam than the Wahabis.   This new government would recognize that when you give arms and funding to radical groups, these groups will inevitably turn on you. As we know, friend, our land is the heart of Islam, and any government we have will be responsible for maintaining the sacred places and providing for all the Muslims who make the yearly pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca.   We must also, however, understand that many Muslims look to Arabia for inspiration and Arabia therefore must be responsible with its influence and must not support radical and violent groups who kill in the name of our great religion. More moderate clerics are the best candidates to lead the new Arabia for many reasons.   They are educated and have experience with leadership and organization in the community.   Because of this experience, we can be confident that the clerics will be competent as stewards of the state.   Equally as important, they are respected by the society.   One of the many lessons we have learned from Iraq is that a new government must be made up of people with deep roots in the communities they represent. The first task of a more moderate government would be to write a constitution.   This is an extremely important step, as I’m sure you have learned by visiting the United States.   An Arabian constitution would be much different from the American one, of course, but the concept is the same.   Laws and rights must be enshrined by a binding document rather than being up to the whims of a king. An Arabian constitution might make more room for religion than the American one does, for example, or grant fewer individual rights to citizens, but it would serve a very important function.   It would represent a power greater than the king.   It would provide a list of things that the government cannot do.   These would include such elementary abuses as arrest without warrant or charge, torture, and suppression of media.   For the first time in Arabia, there would be a limit on the powers of the government. This may perhaps seem like a very limited step, but imagine what a large one it would be for our country!   Arabia today is ruled as the property of a single family; the country itself is named after the al-Sauds!   Can you imagine if the United States was called â€Å"Bush America†?   This is no way for a country to be run. I hope the friends you are making in America understand that Arabia will never be like America.   However, I believe that some American ideas, combined with moderate Arabian intellectuals, offers the best hope for our country.   Be well, friend. Sources Cleveland, William L.   A History of the Modern Middle East, second edition.   Boulder: Westview Press, 2000. Hiro, Dilip.   The Essential Middle East: A Comprehensive Guide. New York: Carol Graff Publishers, 2003. Husain, Mir Zohair.   Global Islamic Politics, second edition. New York: Longman, 2003.       How to cite My dear friend, Essay examples

Odyssey Compare/Contrast free essay sample

When Everett sees his daughters again for the first time since he’s escaped, they recognized him and their dad at first, but then remembered that their mom told them that he had been hit by a train and died. After hearing that, Everett goes to find Penny to which he discovers that not only has she changed the girls’ last names to her maiden name, Wharvey, but Penny got engaged while he was gone and is in line to get married the next day to her modern-day suitor, William T. Walldrip. Penelope did the complete opposite. Many suitors came to â€Å"woo† her after believing that Odysseus had died. She put them off with a trick, telling them that she would marry one of them once she finished the funeral shroud for Odysseus’ father, which she wove by day and secretly unravelled by night. She managed to deceive them for three years by doing this. We will write a custom essay sample on Odyssey Compare/Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the three years, she was caught and the suitors demanded a decision. She cleverly came up with another scheme, an archery contest; a challenge that is nearly impossible for all but Odysseus. She did whatever she could to hold them off because she had hope that Odysseus would come home. On the other hand, these women have very different stories with many similarities. They were both confident in their decisions throughout the entire story. After Everett goes to jail, Penny is seeking out a new husband with better qualities than he has, one whom she says has to be â€Å"bona-fide† and can provide for her and the girls. Penny knows what she thinks is best, so she finds herself a â€Å"suitor†, Walldrip, that meets her standards. Penelope is left with a baby boy while her husband, Odysseus, is trying to find his way back home for 20 years after the Trojan war, and on top of that, her house is invaded by at least 100 suitors that are all trying to convince her to marry one of them. Penelope sees the suitors as nothing more than a bunch of greedy pigs and wants them out. These ladies know what they want and will do strive to accomplish it. They’re both fit for their husbands in their own ways. Odysseus and Penelope are both cunning, clever, and always thinking of a plan. Everett and Penny, though not sharing the same characteristics as Odysseus and Penelope, are quick-tongued, know-it-alls, and think in a selfish manner. The story of the loom symbolizes the queen’s, Penelope’s, clever and cunning tactics. The contest of the bow and axes is another example of her craftiness. In O Brother, Where Art Thou, Penny is known for saying: â€Å"Ive spoken my piece and counted to three. † every time something doesnt go her way, and if it doesnt get fixed, she walks away; an example of her know-it-all attitude. Everett is always telling Delmar and Pete things like, â€Å"You two are just dumber than a bag of hammers! † They, Everett and Penny, are both always looking out for themselves. Everett tricked the boys into breaking out of jail, which lengthened their sentences, just because he heard that Penny was getting remarried. Penny found herself a new man, â€Å"a suitor† who met her standards and could help support her family. Finally, both Penelope and Penny put their husbands to the test before trusting them. Penelope tells the maids to move the marriage bed and once Odysseus sees this he quickly fills with anger because that bed was made special, made from a firmly planted tree trunk. She automatically knows it’s Odysseus. Penny had forgotten about Everett as if he had really been hit by a train and died. Once Everett proves that he’s just as â€Å"bona-fide†, she plans to marry him as soon as he finds her original wedding band. They both take their husbands back, but there was a catch in order for them to trust the men. These stories are completely different, yet alike in some situations. They were both single mothers while their husbands were gone. Penelope was loyal to Odysseus, but Penny couldn’t care less about Everett. They were both fit for their husbands in different ways, and were the reason their husbands wanted to come home. Overall, these women were both self-confident and strong-willed throughout either story, whether they were wives from the late 1930’s or Ancient Greece